Haiti has been ranked among the most corrupt nations for the past several years in Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index.1 This fragile low-income country has a long history of political instability, poverty, and inequality. In 2005 the interim government of President Boniface Alexandre asked for the World Bank Institute’s support in Haiti’s efforts to address institutional vulnerabilities and improve governance. The government created a semi-autonomous anticorruption agency—Unité de Lutte Contre la Corruption—and a multistakeholder steering committee to lead the process of a governance and corruption diagnostic. This Capacity Development Brief explores the experience of that exercise and describes some of the findings of the diagnostic, which was completed in 2006. It highlights some of the positive changes that began to take hold following dissemination of the diagnostic report as well as some of the challenges that remain.